Sticker
Object number2018.27.70
Date1978
MediumPaper; Adhesive
Credit LineGift of Jay Apt
DescriptionCircular Pioneer Venus sticker.DimensionsDiameter: 4.25 in. (10.8 cm)InscriptionsFluorescent orange text at top "PIONEER VENUS '78" and black text below "NASA/AMES RESEARCH CENTER/HUGHES ENCOUNTER DECEMBER 1978".
Historical NotesPioneer Venus sticker belonging to Jay Apt. This mission sticker was presented to Jay Apt by the Pioneer Venus management team at NASA Ames Research Center. Jay Apt was hired in 1976 by Harvard Professor Richard M. Goody as a postdoctoral fellow to support NASA’s Pioneer Venus 1978 mission. This robotic mission sent two spacecraft to Venus, the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe. The former entered Venus orbit on December 4, 1978, and transmitted data through October 1992. The latter sent four probes into the atmosphere of Venus. The team at Harvard, Professor Goody and Doctors Robert A. Brown and Jay Apt, had the responsibility to make infrared maps of the temperature of the clouds on Venus. They accomplished this by modifying the 60-inch reflecting telescope at Mt. Hopkins observatory to perform raster scans so that a one-pixel detector sensitive to 10 micron radiation when cooled by liquid helium could build up a two-dimensional map of the infrared emissions from Venus. Their work was published in four scientific papers: Apt, J. and R. Goody, Infrared Image of Venus at the Time of Pioneer Venus Probe Encounter. Science, 1979. 203(4382): 785-787; Apt, J. and R. Goody, Anomalous Features in Thermal Radiance Maps of Venus. Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics, 1979. 84(A6): 2529-2538; Shubert, G., C. Covey, A. Del Genio, L.S. Elson, G. Keating, A. Seiff, R.E. Young, J. Apt, C.C. Counselman, A.J. Kliore, S.S. Limaye, H.E. Revercomb, L.A. Sromovsky, V.E. Suomi, F. Taylor, R. Woo, and U. von Zahn, Structure and circulation of the Venus atmosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1980. 85(A13): 8007-8025; and Apt, J., R.A. Brown, and R. Goody, The character of the thermal emission from Venus. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1980. 85: 7934-7940. The scanning system was described in a fifth, Apt, J., R. Goody, and L. Mertz, Simple Cassegrain Scanning System for Infrared Astronomy. Applied Optics, 1980. 19(10): 1590-1592.
Previous owner
Dr. Jerome Apt III
Related institution
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Related institution
Ames Research Center
Related person
Richard M. Goody
Related person
Dr. Robert A. Brown
On View
Not on view
1978
1978
c. 2011
2015
1992
C. and E. Marshall Company
1999